Better Living Through Books

There’s Never Been a Better Time to Pick Up a Book About Media Literacy

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Danika Ellis

Associate Editor

Danika spends most of her time talking about queer women books at the Lesbrary. Blog: The Lesbrary Twitter: @DanikaEllis

I don’t need to tell you that we’re living in an unprecedented moment of disinformation, misinformation, and conspiracy theories. While lies, spin, and conspiracies have always been a part of media, it’s frightening how quickly they can spread and how big their effects can be now. Elections can be decided based on voting informed by misinformation. Conspiracy theories spread on Facebook helped to drive the January 6th Capitol attack. Disinformation has seeped into every part of our online discourse — hijacked by those who want to steer political conversations by force.

In the same way that no one thinks they’re influenced by ads, but they somehow continue to be an almost trillion(!) dollar industry, most people feel confident that they can spot misinformation and disinformation in media — and most people are wrong. I believe you’re an intelligent person; you are reading Book Riot, after all! But we’re all subject to our own biases and cognitive shortcuts, which means we can easily miss mis- and disinformation, especially when it’s tailored to our existing beliefs.

Luckily, we can “vaccinate” ourselves against misinformation by learning more about these tactics. That’s why task #17 of the 2024 Read Harder Challenge is “Read a book about media literacy.” These books can help you tune up your media literacy skills so you’re better prepared to spot bias, mis- and disinformation, conspiracy theories, fallacies, and more in our discourse — both online and in person.

Your first test will be selecting which book(s) to read: what makes each author a credible source? Do they have expertise in this field? What are their biases? While you’re reading, don’t take what you’re reading as gospel; interrogate whether their claims make logical sense and whether their sources are reputable.

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Book cover of The Misinformation Age

The Misinformation Age: How False Beliefs Spread by Cailin O’Connor and James Owen Weatherall

Let’s start out with some broad background on misinformation. In this 2020 book by two philosophers, they explore why people believe things that aren’t true, how misinformation spreads, and why truth still matters — which is a wild thing to have to argue, but that’s the era we’re living in! The Misinformation Age also includes scientific case studies to show how results are misinterpreted once they hit headlines. It comes recommended by Scientific American, New York Times Book Review, and Kirkus Reviews. This doesn’t have examples from the last few years, but since the focus is more broad, that shouldn’t be a deterrent.

The Attention Merchants cover

The Attention Merchants: The Epic Scramble to Get Inside Our Heads by Tim Wu

Tim Wu served as Special Assistant to the President for Technology and Competition Policy from 2021 to 2023 and is currently a law professor at Columbia University. He also coined the term “net neutrality.” In this 2017 book, Wu offers some historical context to our new economy of attention, tracing its origin to newspaper sales and following its evolution up to now. Like The Misinformation Age, this isn’t up-to-date to 2024, but it offers context that is still relevant — and it reminds us why it’s important to be scrupulous about what we give our attention to.

Foolproof cover

Foolproof: Why Misinformation Infects Our Minds and How to Build Immunity by Sander van der Linden

With that background out of the way, let’s get into some tips on how to combat misinformation! This is the author who I linked to in the introduction: van der Linden offers evidence that we can “prebunk” misinformation in order to be better prepared to spot it in the wild. He is a Professor of Social Psychology at the University of Cambridge who also acts as an advisor to governments in combatting misinformation. The paperback came out this year, so this is a great up-to-date option.

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Danika Ellis

Associate Editor

Danika spends most of her time talking about queer women books at the Lesbrary. Blog: The Lesbrary Twitter: @DanikaEllis

What the Fact? cover

What the Fact?: Finding the Truth in All the Noise by Seema Yasmin

This YA nonfiction book by journalist and physician Seema Yasmin also checks off task #15: Read a YA nonfiction book. According to your halfway check-in answers, “Read a book about media literacy” is one of the hardest tasks of the 2024 challenge, so this is an accessible starting point to learn how to spot misinformation, disinformation, clickbait, misleading headlines, and more. You can also check out Yasmin’s Viral BS: Medical Myths and Why We Fall for Them.

Cheap Speech cover

Cheap Speech: How Disinformation Poisons Our Politics — and How to Cure It by Richard L. Hasen

Richard L. Hasen is a Professor of Law and Political Science, and in this 2023 book, he discusses how to deal with mis- and disinformation in a way that aligns with the First Amendment right to free speech. For example, “What can we do to minimize disinformation campaigns aimed at suppressing voter turnout?” Hasen offers recommendations on strategies that are legally sound and socially beneficial.

May Contain Lies cover

May Contain Lies: How Stories, Statistics, and Studies Exploit Our Biases―And What We Can Do about It by Alex Edmans

Alex Edmans is a renowned economist who uses this new book to show how our biases lead us to believe misinformation, especially when it comes to misleading statistics. He uses examples like the mistakes that resulted in the Deepwater Horizon disaster to demonstrate how biases “cause us to mistake statements for facts, facts for data, data for evidence, and evidence for proof.” He then trains readers on how to think critically about statistics. You can also watch his 2018 TED talk, “What to trust in a ‘post-truth’ world.”

Stories are Weapons cover

Stories Are Weapons: Psychological Warfare and the American Mind by Annalee Newitz

Annalee Newitz is a sci-fi author and a founding editor of io9. They also were editor-in-chief of Gizmodo and served as the tech culture editor at Ars Technic. In this 2024 book, they trace the history of misinformation and propaganda in the U.S. from fake newspapers during the Revolutionary War to domestic culture wars today, saying “America’s secret weapon has long been coercive storytelling.” Newitz interviews activists combatting these psyops campaigns and fighting for “psychological disarmament and cultural peace.”

How to Lose Friends and Influence White People cover

How To Lose Friends and Influence White People by Antoinette Lattouf

It’s one thing to be able to spot bias, misinformation, and disinformation, but that’s only part of the picture. How do we combat mis- and disinformation, and how do we communicate effectively? In this book, award-winning journalist and co-founder of Media Diversity Australia Antoinette Lattouf teaches readers how to argue against racist talking points — and how to know which arguments aren’t worth having. She draws on research that is then summarized into lists of dos and don’ts at the end of each chapter.

The Death of Truth cover

The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump by Michiko Kakutani

Let’s be honest, the subject of media literacy, mis- and disinformation, and fake news is inextricably tied to the Trump era. In this 2018 book, Pulitzer Prize–winning critic Michiko Kakutani shows how we got to this “post-truth” age and where to go from here. Another option is the 2021 book What Were We Thinking: A Brief Intellectual History of the Trump Era by Carlos Lozada, which analyzes 150 books about the Trump era to illustrate how we talk about Trump — and what we leave out of this story.

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Pro tip: if you’re having trouble finding media literacy books, searching for “misinformation,” “disinformation,” or even “fake news” books may bring up more results. Also, consider asking your local librarian for recommendations; they’re experts on the subject, and it will also check off task #9 of the Read Harder Challenge.

You might also be interested in How to Increase Your Information Literacy and What Is Media Literacy and How Can You Increase Your Own?

What are you reading for this task? Let’s chat in the comments!

Check out all the previous 2024 Read Harder posts here.

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